Attrition is the physiological wearing away of the tooth as a result of tooth to tooth contact, as in mastication. It has been considered as a physiologic change which increased with the age. In certain cases microscopic examination of the teeth may not be possible and the age estimation relies on the sole examination of the attrition of the teeth. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the degree of attrition as objectively as possible, neutralizing the role of oral pathology and check out the reliability of attrition in age estimation.

Aim : To know the prevalence of tobacco usage among the sample of a rural population of Srikot and to know the awareness about the harmful effects among the sample population. Methodology: 450 Indian subjects (225 male and 225 females) of 15-60 years of age were selected from various localities of a small village. They were divided into 3 age groups namely 10-25, 26-41, 42-60 years. Each group contains 75 males and 75 females respectively. A self prepared questionnaire regarding awareness and usage of tobacco products was collected from the subjects. Results: The overall prevalence rate of tobacco usage was found to be 36.33 % males accounted for 41% and females accounted for 31 %. The M:F ratio being 1.34:1. Among the males (all the age groups together ) habit of chewing tobacco is seen in 15.33%, smoking in 21.66 %, both habits in 12.66 % and among females ( all the groups together) habit of chewing tobacco is seen in 15% ,smoking in 10.66% both habits in 5.33%. In case of awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco is slightly more in males (44%) when compared to females (37.66 %). Conclusion: The results of the present study confirms the prevalence of the tobacco usage is more in the sample of the rural population whereas the awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco is less in the sample population, needing some immediate and quick measures to curb the tobacco menace among the rural population.

Aim : This study aimed to analyze and compare the stress distribution on different implant supported fixed prosthesis designs. Three finite element models were simulated in which model 1 simulated a two unit implant supported fixed prosthesis in the region of 36, 37 which were not splinted, model 2 a simulated two unit splinted implant supported fixed prosthesis in the region of 36, 37 was simulated with a metal ceramic superstructure. A force of 100 N was applied to the models at an angle of 30 degrees, offset from the vertical axis and directed at the centre of the occlusal surface of each of the 3 crowns. Von misses stresses were analyzed in all the two models and influence of various occlusal materials on stress distribution at the abutment crown interface and surrounding bone were evaluated in the model which showed least stress in the implant bone interface. Results showed evidence of uniform load sharing for the splinted prostheses compared to the other prostheses designs

Tea, a traditional beverage originally from China, is the oldest, most popular, non-alcoholic caffeine-containing beverage in the world, and is prepared from the infusion of dried leaves of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis. The three main different kinds of tea produced from the plant Camellia sinensis based on the process of oxidation are: green tea - non- oxidized, oolong tea - partially oxidized and black tea - fully oxidized. Tea plants (Camellia sinensis L), nevertheless, can accumulate large amounts of Fluoride (F) in mature leaves from soils of normal F availabilities without toxicity symptoms. The F contained in tea is readily released during infusion, and thus is one of the important dietary F sources. Dietary fluorides from tea pose both good and irreversible bad effects which need to be debated with research based evidence.

The surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars is generally associated with the postoperative sequelae. Different types of antiinflammatory drugs are used to reduce these inflammatory responses. Ibuprofen is used most commonly. It is a popular domestic and over the counter analgesic and antipyretic for adults and children. Ibuprofen has been rated as the safest conventional NSAID by spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting systems in the UK. This review article summarizes the main pharmacological effects, therapeutical applications,adverse drug reactions of ibuprofen and its efficacy as an anti-inflammatory drug surgical after extraction of 3rd molars.

Statement of the Problem: Polymethylmethacrylate denture bases undergo distortion due to polymerization shrinkage due to several factors. Processing techniques used for fabrication of denture bases significantly influence the degree of denture base distortion. The comprehensive role of processing techniques inducing denture base distortion remains unclear hence needed to be investigated further. Aim: To evaluate the degree of distortion induced due to polymerization shrinkage in tissue supported maxillary and mandibular complete dentures processed with injection and compression moulding techniques. Search Methodology: An electronic search was launched with Pubmed, Cochrane, Science Direct databases to screen for articles discussing denture base processing techniques using suitable keywords, finally 9 titles were selected for data extraction. The extracted data was tabulated and analyzed statistically. Results: The linear and horizontal distortion present in denture bases processed with injection moulding techniques are 0.494 ± 0.110 mm and 0.482 ± 0.252 mm respectively and with compression moulding techniques are 0.526 ± 0.061 mm and 0.556 ± 0.056 mm respectively. Conclusion: The current systematic review inferred that Injection moulded tissue supported complete dentures undergo less distortion than the conventional compression moulded dentures. Polymerization shrinkage is manifested in a lesser proportion in denture bases processed with injection moulding than the compression moulding technique.

In today's genomic era, it is not genes alone but the interplay of genetic and environmental factors that determines the phenotype. While microbial and other environmental factors initiate and modulate periodontal disease, individuals are known to respond differently to common environmental challenges, and this differential response is influenced by the individual's genetic profile. This review aims to enlighten the genetic aspects of host susceptibility in terms of periodontal disease.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the variations found in the molars and its importance in the success of endodontic treatment. Lack of knowledge of variations and their characteristics in different teeth has been pointed out as one of the main causes of endodontic failure. This case report describes the endodontic treatment of a man- dibular first molar with unusual five root canals.

Introduction: Dens Evaginatus (DE) and Dens invaginatus (Di) are rare developmental dental anomalies. DE Is referred to as Talon's cusp in the anterior teeth and Leong's premolar in the premolar teeth. Concurrence of Di with this rare anomaly within the same tooth is a rarity. Case Report: Fourteen year male child reported with malaligned teeth and carious maxillary left central incisor tooth. Radiographs revealed the presence of dens invaginatus (Oeheler's Type 1) which clinically presented as dens evaginatus (Talons cusp type 1). Grinding of the talons cusp to remove the occlusal interference, remove the carious lesion and preservation of dens invaginatus to maintain the strength of the crown was done. Tooth remained asymptomatic at two years follow up. Discussion: Comprehensive clinical and radiographic examinations are essential to identify tooth anomalies. The early diagnosis can then result in the appropriate prophylactic treatment being performed, which can prevent irreversible pulpal pathology that requires endodontic therapy or tooth loss. Conclusion: An association of Di with this rare anomaly within the same tooth has never been reported before in maxillary central incisor. Since it is known that DE may be composed of normal enamel and dentine, as well as varying amounts of pulpal tissue, care should be exercised while performing any aesthetic procedures to remove or recontour it.

Down's syndrome is a genetic disease resulting from a trisomy in the twenty-first chromosome characterized by generalized growth and mental deficiencies. Patients with Down's syndrome develop more extensive gingivitis at an earlier stage, and exhibit rapid and generalized periodontal breakdown in early adulthood. Individuals with Down's syndrome differ in their oral condition compared with the healthy population. For dental practitioners it is difficult to decide a particular course of treatment. Here is a case report of a patient presented with Down's syn- drome and its treatment protocol.

Post and core restorations have been extensively used in the field of restorative dentistry. Many different types of post have been introduced which varied in configuration vice as well as material vice. Many arguments exist as to which type of post is superior, nevertheless post and core restorations have become an indispensable tool in the hands of restorative dentist. This article will illustrate a modified type of post and core which was used for an esthetic makeover.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly malignant tumour of the muscle tissue. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is very rare in children. A case of solid alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma at the infra temporal region in a three year old male child is reported, and the prognostic importance of diagnosing this disease from other childhood malignancies are dis- cussed.