Context: Several attempts have been made to increase the compressive strength shorten the setting time of Type IV dental stone. Aims: 1. to explore the use of cured PMMA powder, and pulverized dihydrate, as modifier of Type IV dental stone. 2. To explore the use of microwave oven for accelerate drying of casts. 3. To investigate compressive strength associated with modifiers and microwave oven drying. Methods and Materials: According to ANSI/ADA Specification No.25 for Gypsum products, the specimens were made. Resin and pulverized dihydrate are added at a concentration of 1% by weight. They were also dried in microwave oven. The control group was conventional Type IV Dental stone. Statistical analysis used: One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey's method was used. Results: A highly significant difference was found between modified samples and conventional control Conclusion: Within the limitations of study, it was found that resin and pulverized dihydrate can be incorporated in limited concentrations to get improved physical properties of Type IV dental stone. Microwave oven drying at a low power level for 5 minutes can be used for accelerated drying of casts' thereby earlier manipulation of casts.

Root canal treatment is a highly prevalent treatment modality in today's dentistry. A high success rate of (90-95%) has been associated with root canal treatments that are treated under controlled clinical conditions. However, cross sectional studies have demonstrated that a large proportion of endodontically treated teeth are associated with apical periodontitis representing clinical failure. This association has been largely attributed to poor quality of root canal filling as well as a less than satisfactory coronal restoration.

Probiotics have become the field of interest of researchers in recent times. This has paved an entry into healthcare specialities. The development of resistance by certain important pathogens to antibiotics has increased the possibilities of returning to the pre antibiotic age. Probiotics provide us an alternative way to combat diseases and has been introduced for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. This review was initiated to explore whether the use of probiotics can influence the periodontal microbiota and periodontal health. Literature on the role of probiotics on periodontal disease was reviewed to analyse the clinical effects of oral probiotics on periodontal disease.

Purpose:The aim of the present study was to compare the inter-facial micromorphology of Prime and Bond and Prompt-L-Pop in primary and permanent teeth Methods: Twelve premolars and twelve caries free primary molars were used in this study. The crowns of the teeth were separated from the roots, 2-3 mm apical from the cemento-enamel junction using a carbide bur in high-speed hand piece with copious water spray. The occlusal surfaces was exposed by a flat cut perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth with a carbide bur in high speed hand piece with copious water spray. Surfaces divided into 2 halves by a 1mm deep groove in the labio-lingual orientation to allow for evaluation of a self-etching primer adhesive system and a one-bottle adhesive system, in the same specimen. Then all the specimens were scanned by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: SEM photos showed that in the mean value of inter-facial gaps in permanent teeth is significantly higher than the mean value in primary teeth group. There is no significant difference in mean values of inter-facial gaps between Esthet– X and Dyract subgroup in permanent teeth group. There is no significant difference in mean values of inter-facial gaps between Esthet– X and Dyract subgroup in the primary teeth group. Conclusions: The observation by SEM shows that Prime & Bond has better sealing ability than Prompt-L-Pop in both permanent and primary teeth. Prime and Bond showed no inter-facial gap in both permanent & primary teeth. Sealing capacity of Prompt-L-Pop is lower in permanent teeth than in the primary teeth.

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the mismanaged oral hygiene and cardiac ailments protection. Oral infection can also cause tooth loss. Avoid certain nutritious foods because of difficulty in chewing and select high-calorie, high-fat food. When the foods cannot be well pulverized, this has an adverse effect on the internal absorption of nutrients. High-fat foods that are recognized as risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

A novel method for closure of large Oro antral fistula is presented that uses an autogenous corticocancellous bone graft harvested from mandibular symphysis region. The advantages of using mandibular bone grafts are reduced operating time and minimal postoperative complaints. Furthermore it helps in reconstructing the sinus floor as well as alveolar bone defect and also shows less resorption when compared with iliac bone graft.

Posterior unilateral crossbite is a disturbance in malocclusion in transverse plane encountered clinically. Functional shift of mandible as a sequel to impaired masticatory muscle activity tends to affect relative vertical condylar head height. The purpose of this study was to find out if relationship exists between deviation of mandible to the crossbite side to vertical condylar head height using panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a diagnostic tool. The mean of vertical condylar head height was 8.00 mm (SD + 0.816) compared to normoocclusive group 8.63 mm (SD + 0.479). This study shows relative decrease in vertical condylar head height in crossbite group compared to the normoocclusive group.

Fragile X syndrome (Fragile X) is one of the common causes for inherited form of intellectual disability. This syndrome presents with clinical manifestations of cardiac malformations, joint hyperextension and behavioural alterations. Other associated characteristics are peripheral neuropathy, sexual impotency, cognitive defects and executive functional deficiencies. The high incidence of this syndrome coupled with presence of orofacial alterations emphasizes the dentist role in diagnosis and initiating appropriate care for these patients during treatment.

The pyogenic granuloma is a reactive vascular lesion commonly observed in the oral cavity. Local factors affecting oral hygiene predispose to its development, though systemic factors, particularly hormones, modulate its pathogenesis. Microscopically it is a vascular granulation tissue underlying an atrophic and usually ulcerated epithelium. As the lesion matures, a more fibrotic picture emerges, along with reduced vascularity. Older lesions may exhibit dystrophic calcifications, though metaplastic transformation of mesenchymal cells akin to the peripheral ossifying fibroma does occur. This results in a picture of ossifying fibroma within the lesion. There has long been speculation about the pathogenesis of the pyogenic granuloma, especially on its fate. It has been established that an irritation fibroma is clinically and histopathologically indistinguishable from a matured pyogenic granuloma. Calcifications occurring in this lesion are by no means rare, but in some cases present a diagnostic dilemma to differentiate from a peripheral ossifying fibroma. Since the latter lesion presents with a slightly different clinical behavior, it may be important to distinguish them. On the other hand, if many such cases are reported, the peripheral ossifying fibroma can be regarded as a sequela of the pyogenic granuloma, the irritation fibroma being an intermediate lesion in this continuum. We report such a case, of a large pyogenic granuloma with features of a peripheral ossifying fibroma, with a concise discussion on the pathophysiology, histopathological patterns and diagnosis.

Agenesis of one or more teeth is one of the most common of human developmental anomalies. Dentists frequently encounter patients with congenitally missing teeth. The most common are maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular second premolars. Congenitally missing mandibular lateral incisors is a rare condition. This case report details the successful periodontal, orthodontic and prosthodontic management of a patient with such a rare condition.

Congenitally missing lateral incisors as well as orthodontically gained spaces in relation to lateral incisors were conventionally treated with treatment modalities vice fixed partial dentures extending from canine to canine , resin bonded fixed partial dentures , removable fixed partial dentures and latestly by means of implants . This article will highlight a very conservative treatment approach in restoring bilateral edentulous space taking in to consideration the central incisor angulation,endodontic involvement and esthetics.

Concrescence, Fusion, Gemination and twinning are developmental anomalies that modify the shape of the teeth. Gemination refers to the attempt at division of a toothgerm, resulting in formation of single large tooth, with groove or notch in the crown. Except gemination , others arise as a result of union of two toothgerms or tooth. This article is an illustration of case report of gemination of permanent maxillary lateral incisor and literature review.

Odontomes are most common odontogenic tumor and are considered to be a hamartoma rather than neoplasm. Compound odontomes resemble multiple teeth like denticles with more orderly arrangement of tooth structures. Complex odontomes represents a conglomerate of dental tissues. Usually odontomes are symptomless and diagnosed accidentally through radiograph. Very rarely the odontome erupts into the oral cavity. This paper reports an interesting case of erupted compound odontome in upper anterior region with impacted permanent incisor.